A New Set of Spatial-Interaction Models: The Theory of Competing Destinations
指出传统重力模型存在设定错误，导致距离衰减参数受空间结构影响，提出竞争目的地模型以改进预测和参数估计，使参数具有行为解释。
Members of the family of spatial-interaction models commonly referred to as gravity models are shown to be misspecified. One result of this misspecification is the occurrence of an undesirable ‘spatial-structure effect’ in estimated distance-decay parameters and this effect is examined in detail. An alternative set of spatial-interaction models is formulated from which more accurate predictions of interactions and more accurate parameter estimates can be obtained. These new interaction models are termed competing destinations models, and estimated distance-decay parameters obtained in their calibration are shown to have a purely behavioural interpretation. The implications of gravity-model misspecification are discussed.