HOUSEHOLD LABOR TIME AND THE GENDER GAP IN EARNINGS
研究发现家务劳动时间能直接解释8.2%的收入性别差距，且通过影响职业、工作经验和工时间接降低女性收入，对理解性别收入不平等有重要参考价值。
In this article, we examine the effects of time spent in household labor on the gender gap in earnings. We identify that part of the gender gap in earnings directly attributable to women's greater household labor time. After controlling for years of work experience, hours worked per week, occupation, industry, union membership, and education, we find that household labor time can directly account for 8.2 percent of the gender gap in earnings. In addition to the direct effect of women's household responsibilities on earnings, they also may affect occupational location, work experience, and number of hours worked per week, and through these variables, their earnings. These findings indicate that we cannot truly understand women's earnings relative to those of men without considering the impact of their unpaid labor on their paid work.