Social Loafing: A Field Investigation
通过对两个组织23个工作团队168名员工的调查，发现任务相互依赖、任务可见性和分配公平感影响个体社会懈怠，而团队规模和凝聚力影响团队层面的社会懈怠，并意外发现感知同事懈怠反而减少自身懈怠，可能是一种社会补偿效应。
Social loafing was investigated by testing a multilevel model among 23 intact work groups comprised of 168 employees representing two organizations. Results demonstrated that as hypothesized at the individual level, increases in task interdependence and decreases in task visibility and distributive justice were associated with greater occurrence of social loafing. At the group level, increased group size and decreased cohesiveness were related to increased levels of social loafing. Of particular interest was the finding that group member perceptions of perceived coworker loafing was associated with reduced social loafing, opposite of our predictions. We suggested that this unexpected finding may provide evidence of a social compensation effect.