Alternative Organizational Repertoires of Poor People’s Social Movement Organizations
对比了美国两类穷人组织（教会型与个人会员型）的结构、目标和策略，发现教会型组织动员更多成员、注重领导力培养，而个人会员型更倾向激进变革和多元筹资。
This article contrasts the organizational structure, goals, and tactics of congregation-based organizations (CBOs) with individual membership organizations (IMOs) that represent alternative organizational repertoires for groups aiming to empower poor communities in the United States. Organizational records of 86 CBOs and 125 IMOs are evaluated. It was found that CBOs mobilize substantially more community members and are more likely to devote their efforts toward leadership development and organization building. On the other hand, IMOs are far more likely to employ aggressive social change tactics, whereas CBOs focus more on consensus issues. Finally, IMOs employ a far more diverse array of grassroots funding strategies. The generalizability of these findings is discussed.