Combining Revealed and Stated Preferences: Consistency Tests and Their Interpretations
以爱荷华州湿地休闲需求为例，结合实际出行数据（揭示偏好）和假设成本增加下的预期变化（陈述偏好），检验两种方法的潜在偏差并讨论模型有效性。
This article models the recreation demand for Iowa wetlands, combining survey data on both actual usage patterns (i.e., revealed preferences (RPs)) and anticipated changes to those patterns under hypothetical increases in trip costs (i.e., stated preferences (SPs)). We formulate and test specific hypotheses concerning potential sources of bias in each approach and discuss what can be learned about the validity of the models from such tests.