Dynamic structure of production under a quota: The case of milk production in the Federal Republic of Germany
研究了1980年代前半期联邦德国奶农在牛奶生产配额引入后的经济行为，发现配额导致可变投入使用变化和准固定要素调整从对称变为非对称，且存在显著产能过剩。
A dynamic multiple output, multiple input model is estimated within the adjustment cost framework to analyse the economic behaviour of dairy producers in the Federal Republic of Germany during the first half of the 1980s. The results suggest significant behaviour given the introduction of the production quota. The changes in producers' responses were driven by changes in variable input use and the evolution from a symmetric to asymmetric adjustment of quasi-fixed factors. In addition, German dairy farmers are found to exhibit considerable excess capacity in production.