Training observers to follow children and score their road-crossing behaviour
开发了一套培训程序，让六名观察员学会跟踪并详细评分幼儿园儿童过马路的行为，用于分析儿童过马路行为并评估儿童行人培训项目的效果。
Abstract A training programme has been developed for six observers who had to follow and score the behaviour of (mainly 4- and 5-year-old) kindergarten children when crossing roads on their way to and from school or while at play. The objectives of the observations were (i) to analyse child road-crossing behaviour in great detail and (ii) to evaluate the effect of a child pedestrian training programme, involving road crossings between and at intersections and near parked cars. For the first objective it was desirable to score behaviour at various road-crossing stages: approach, curb, parking area, line of vision and road. Some 20 variables had to be scored verbally using a portable tape-recorder. Three video-films each containing between 18 and 34 crossings at various sites were produced. One for training the observers on a step-by-step basis to score all items. A second for exercise with new material and a third for a final test on proficiency. The training took 12 days full time, including some exercises on the street. Recommendations were formulated aimed at improving the quality of the test film and the representativeness of test-film performance of observers for their performance when observing in the street. Interobserver agreement was checked regularly during the actual in-the-street observations (6 weeks each) before and after the child pedestrian training programme. Although many variables were scored, interobserver agreement appeared to be very high. Additional informationNotes on contributorsJAN H. KERKHOF Now at the Bureau of Town Development, Groningen.