Pacts for employment and competitiveness in Germany
研究了德国企业层面的就业与竞争力契约，发现企业经济状况显著影响协议内容，工时调整与产品需求相关，员工财务让步多见于利润薄弱的企业。
Pacts for employment and competitiveness (PECs) in Germany reflect a process of organised decentralisation, delegating additional rights and responsibilities for industrial relations agreements to the plant level. PECs are now used by both struggling and prosperous firms. An analysis of the content of recent agreements shows that the economic situation of the firm has a significant impact on changes agreed at the firm level. Changes in working time are associated with the demand for the products and services of a firm while financial concessions by employees are more common in firms with weak profits.