Occupational cultures as a challenge to technological innovation
通过电力配送自动化案例，研究操作员与工程师两种职业文化如何因认知模型差异而对技术创新产生冲突，并建议管理者在规划创新时考虑这些多元视角。
This paper explains conflict over technological process innovation in cultural terms, drawing primarily on a case study of electric power distribution and strategies to automate its operation. The paper shows how different occupational cultures, "operators" and "engineers," use different mental models or cognitive representations of technology that are adaptive to their particular work contexts, but which give rise to conflicting evaluations of technological innovation. While these cultural groups may be motivated by a common interest in the successful performance of the technical system, they value different sets of criteria for system design and promising modifications. Despite the apparent contradiction, each perspective is internally consistent and rational. The paper argues that it is beneficial for management to consider these diverse perspectives carefully when planning technological innovation.