Human resource management and performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized firms
研究了中小企业中人力资源管理实践与企业绩效的关系，发现两者存在显著的同时性和纵向关联，且控制过去绩效后关系依然成立，表明人力资源管理实践能提升持续竞争优势。
This article examines human resource management (HRM) practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In particular, by examining the issue of causal order, it addresses a significant gap in the extant HRM–performance literature within the context of such firms. Significant simultaneous and longitudinal relationships between HRM practices and specific performance indicators are found. Controlling for past performance and thus, testing for the potential for reverse causality does not eliminate the significant relationship between human resource practices and performance. In sum, the use of human resource practices is found to positively enhance sustained competitive advantage. By explicitly examining the issue of causality in the human resources –performance relationship, this article makes a contribution to both the human resource and SME literatures.