R&D Strategy, Metropolitan Externalities and Productivity: Evidence from Sweden
基于瑞典制造业和服务业企业面板数据，研究发现持续研发在非都市区带来约8%的生产率溢价，而在最大城市则高达约14%；无研发投入的企业无法从大都市外部环境中获益。
This paper studies the influence of metropolitan externalities on productivity for different types of long-run R&D engagement based on information from the Community Innovation Survey. We apply a dynamic general method of moments model to a panel of manufacturing and service firms with different locations in Sweden, classified as a metropolitan region, the largest metropolitan region, a metropolitan city, the largest metropolitan city and a nonmetropolitan area. This analysis generates three distinct results. First, the productivity premium associated with persistent R&D is close to 8 per cent in nonmetro locations and about 14 per cent in the largest city. Second, a firm without any R&D engagement does not benefit at all from the external milieu in metro areas. Third, no productivity premium is associated with occasional R&D effort regardless of the firm's location.