Transaction Costs and Outsourcing Decisions in Small- and Medium-Sized Family Firms
研究了家族企业与非家族企业在外包决策上的差异，提出交易成本（如人力资产专用性、机会主义威胁和风险规避）使中小型家族企业更不愿外包，但供应商、目标和所有权结构的变化会缓解这种影响。
An important difference between family and nonfamily firms, and among different types of family firms, is in the way they make outsourcing decisions and thereby define the boundaries of the firm. The authors propose that transaction costs arising from human asset specificity, threats of opportunism, and risk aversion will make small- and medium-sized family firms operating with technologies of low to medium complexity less likely to outsource than comparable nonfamily firms. The authors also argue that the limiting influence of transaction costs on the outsourcing decisions of family firms may be mitigated by variations in available suppliers, goals, and ownership structures.