Organizational Foundings in the Cooperative Sector of Atlantic Canada: An Ecological Perspective
从生态学视角研究了1940至1987年间加拿大沿海省份三种合作社（工人、消费者、营销合作社）的创立频率，发现创立受制度变迁、先前创立数、死亡数和人口密度影响，且效应因组织形式而异。
This paper examines, from an ecological perspective, the founding frequencies of three organizational forms of cooperatives in Atlantic Canada from 1940 to 1987: worker cooperatives, consumer cooperatives and marketing cooperatives. The findings show that cooperative foundings are sensitive to institutional change as well as to the level of prior foundings, deaths, and population density. The pattern of these effects, however, varies across organizational forms, suggesting substantial differences in the ecologies of populations of cooperatives.