Implications of Phase-Outs on Individual Marginal Tax Rates
研究了美国联邦所得税中，各种扣除、豁免和抵免的逐步取消如何导致有效边际税率高于法定税率，并建立了将法定税率转换为有效税率的代数模型。
The goal of this paper is to show the behavior of effective marginal tax rates relative to statutory marginal tax rates within the rate structure of the present federal income tax regime. Understanding the behavior of effective marginal rates is important as these rates are a significant component of tax planning and decision making. Statutory marginal tax rates are explicitly stated in published rate schedules. Various deductions, exemptions and credits involved in determining the tax liability are phased out as gross income increases. These restrictions result in effective marginal tax rates that can exceed respective statutory rates. Substantial divergence between effective and statutory rates can occur when multiple phase-out provisions overlap and interact. This study develops an algebraic model using tax return information that converts statutory to effective marginal rates. Policy implications concerning simplifying the effective rate structure are also discussed.