The Disease Environment, Schooling, and Development Outcomes: Evidence from Ethiopia
利用埃塞俄比亚家庭调查和卫星地形数据，发现当地疟疾风险与较差的发展结果相关，且疟疾发病率与海拔、坡度及其交互作用有关，教育水平与疟疾呈负相关。
The disease environment could help explain underdevelopment in Africa. This article shows that local malaria risk is associated with worse local development outcomes. Combining an Ethiopian household survey with satellite-derived topographical information, the article shows that malaria incidence is correlated with village elevation, slope and their interaction; that is, malaria is sensitive to elevation in flatlands, where the habitat is suitable for mosquito breeding, but not in steeper lands. Using topography as a predictor of the disease environment, education levels are found to be negatively correlated with malaria. I find suggestive evidence that some other outcomes are related to malaria risk. Finally, the performance of topography predictors is assessed against other climate-based predictors of malaria.