Profiting from Environmental Regulatory Uncertainty: Integrated Strategies for Competitive Advantage
提出两种整合战略，帮助管理者应对环境监管不确定性：一是倡导务实进步政策以塑造未来监管并提高竞争对手成本；二是系统拥抱更严格的监管以安抚活动家并自主适应。通过四个案例说明实施效果。
This article offers two integrated strategies managers can use in the face of environmental regulatory uncertainty. As integrated strategies, they both recognize non-market forces while taking into account market realities. Advocating for pragmatic, progressive policies enables firms to shape future policy around existing environmental strengths; this strategy raises competitors' costs when competitors have yet to develop identical competencies. Systematically embracing advancing regulation enables firms to satisfy activists who are pressuring policymakers to force firms to conform to higher environmental standards in other jurisdictions; this strategy allows managers to adapt to coming regulation at their own pace while leveraging market competencies. This article presents four case studies that highlight how some firms have implemented these strategies, and why some have been successful at mitigating regulatory uncertainty and some have not.