Job accessibility and welfare usage: Evidence from Los Angeles
研究利用1990年人口普查和行政数据，分析洛杉矶低技能人群的地理工作可达性（三英里内低薪工作供给）对福利使用率的影响，发现工作可达性提高会降低福利使用，且该效应适用于所有种族群体。
Previous scholars have explored the effects of local labor market conditions on welfare usage. However, none of these studies use direct measures of geographic access to nearby jobs. Responding to this limitation, our research combines data from the 1990 census with three administrative data sets to examine the effect of geographic job access—defined as the relative supply of low-wage jobs located within a three-mile radius of a census tract—on welfare usage rates among the Los Angeles population with a high school degree or less. After controlling for other characteristics likely to affect welfare behavior, we find that welfare usage declines as geographic job access increases. This relationship holds not only among African-Americans, the subject of much of the scholarship on job access and economic opportunity, but also among whites, Asians, and Hispanics.