Exploring the Racial Divide in Education and the Labor Market through Evidence from Interracial Families
研究利用家庭内不同种族报告的数据，发现黑人男性与白人男性在教育和劳动力结果上的差异取决于母亲种族，表明歧视可能通过母亲与孩子的互动渠道而非肤色发生。
We examine gaps between minorities and whites in education and labor market outcomes, controlling for many covariates including maternal race. Identification comes from different reported races within the family. Estimates show two distinct patterns. First, there are no significant differences in outcomes between black and white males with white mothers. Second, large differences persist between these groups and black males with black mothers. The patterns are insensitive to alternative measures of own race and school fixed effects. Our results suggest that discrimination is not occurring on the basis of child skin color but through mother-child channels such as dialect or parenting practices.