Making Yourself Attractive: Pre-Marital Investments and the Returns to Education in the Marriage Market
利用20世纪初美国第二代移民婚姻市场的外生性别比例变化，发现性别稀缺会刺激婚前投资，男性影响显著，女性仅在高内婚群体中观察到；男性在女性稀缺时婚姻更不稳定，更可能娶本地高学历配偶，女性则更少工作。
I explore how a gender's scarcity may impact educational investments using exogenous variation in the marriage market of second generation Americans in early twentieth century. I find that worse marriage market conditions spur higher pre-marital investments: the effect for males is significant, while, for females, it is only observed in highly endogamous groups. When faced with an exogenously larger number of males per females, males' marriages appear to be less stable and more likely to involve natives and highly educated spouses, while women are less likely to work and, for those in high endogamous groups, marry more immigrants.