Gender Discrimination and Social Identity: Evidence from Urban Pakistan
通过经济实验，研究了巴基斯坦不同社会身份的学生在性别歧视上的差异，发现低社会经济地位和高宗教虔诚度的男性仅歧视与自己社会距离最近的女性，且歧视主要基于偏好。
This paper uses economic experiments to investigate how gender discrimination depends on the social identities of interacting parties. We randomly matched students pursuing bachelor-equivalent degrees in different institution types that represent distinct identities within Pakistani society. Our main finding is that gender discrimination is not uniform and varies as a function of the social identity of the matched individuals. While men of higher socioeconomic status (SES) exhibit no gender discrimination, men of lower SES and higher religiosity discriminate against women but only women with lower SES who are closest to them in social distance. This discrimination is largely taste based.