Self-Inflicted Industry Wounds: Early Warning Signals and Pelican Gambits
研究了行业层面系统性风险的早期预警信号，并提出“鹈鹕策略”作为企业在高度竞争环境中通过合作来限制自身、行业和社会风险的战略行动。
Systemic risks arising from underlying interdependences can create havoc at an industry level and are often too formidable for any single firm to manage. The contagion effects of these risks, including the recent financial crisis, offshore oil spills, and the Japanese nuclear disaster, have upended industry practices. Sometimes they have even pulled economies apart at the seams. We recommend that leaders heed models of cooperative behavior found in nature by engaging in “Pelican Gambits,” which we define as strategic moves towards cooperation in highly competitive economic environments for the purpose of limiting risk to one's firm, the industry and society.