Measuring Firm-Level Inefficiencies in the Ghanaian Manufacturing Sector
通过估计生产函数，发现加纳制造业中46%的企业资本不足，但整体上企业使用的资本比最优水平多77%，劳动少40%，调整投入可大幅提升增加值。
This paper measures firm-level inefficiencies in input use among manufacturing firms in Ghana by explicitly estimating their production function. I find that the fraction of undercapitalized firms is 46%, but overall firms use 77% more capital and 40% less labor than would be optimal. Underutilization of labor is especially prevalent among firms with a unionized workforce. Firms with formal loans and firms with more human capital are closer to their efficient capital stock. The findings suggest large potential gains in value added from adjusting input use in the optimal direction.