The emergence of winemaking cooperatives in Catalonia
本文追溯了20世纪初加泰罗尼亚葡萄酒酿造合作社的兴起过程，分析了其面临的融资、治理和营销困难，并探讨了该地区合作社数量多于西班牙其他产区的成因及发展障碍。
This article traces the emergence of winemaking cooperatives in Catalonia, one of southern Europe’s main winegrowing regions. It analyses the stimuli that led to the creation of winemaking cooperatives in the early twentieth century and the difficulties that they faced in a depressed wine market, such as financing the construction of winemaking facilities, the governance and organisation of cooperative services, and marketing their produce. I explore the reasons why many more wine cooperatives were created in Catalonia in early twentieth century than in Spain’s other winegrowing regions and I try to identify the obstacles that hindered their further development.