Building Practitioner-Held Theory Through Triangulation
本研究采用三角互证策略，结合访谈与问卷调查，将220名城市经理的个人组织理论整合为十个理论维度，并讨论从业者持有的理论模型如何基于有限工具理性支持实践者思维。
This study employs a research strategy called triangulation to determine the distributions of personal theories of organizations toward an organizational doctrine called practitioner-held theory. In this study, triangulation combines qualitative methods (interviews with city managers) before and after the use of quantitative methods (a survey of city managers) to develop practitioner-held theory. The survey results are analyzed to combine the personal theories of organizations of 220 city managers into ten theoretical dimensions: structural reform, task management, insular governance, participative management, Theory Y, norm setting, participatory democracy, citizen input into decision making, community leadership, and legislative involvement in management. Each dimension is discussed in the context of the public administration literature, from analysis of quantitative data, from analysis of qualitative data, and in relation to a practitioner-held theory model. The practitioner-held theory model's support of practitioner thinking based on limited instrumental rationality is discussed by clarifying action-consequence relationships and highlighting the normative positions of practitioners on organizational issues. The conclusions evaluate practitioner-held theory against general criteria.