Multiplicative parameters and estimators: applications in economics and finance
研究了随机变量的乘法参数（如乘法期望和乘法变异）及其估计量，给出了对数正态和帕累托等厚尾分布的乘法参数性质，并提供了华沙证券交易所和波兰国库券的实例。
In this paper, we pay our attention to multiplicative parameters of random variables and their estimators. We study multiplicative properties of the multiplicative expectation and multiplicative variation as well as their estimators. For distributions having applications in finance and insurance we provide their multiplicative parameters and their properties. We consider, among others, heavy-tailed distributions such as lognormal and Pareto distributions, applied to the modelling of large losses. We discuss multiplicative models, in which the geometric mean and the geometric standard deviation are more natural than their arithmetic counterparts. We provide two examples from the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 1995–2009 and from a bid of 52-week treasury bills in 1992–2009 in Poland as an illustrative example.