Contract Farming and Vulnerability to Poverty among Oil Palm Smallholders in Indonesia
比较印尼油棕小农户中参与合同农业与未参与者的贫困风险，发现合同参与能缓解价格冲击但无法应对生产冲击，约40%农户属于随机暂时性贫困。
This article addresses smallholder oil palm farming in Indonesia and the risk of falling into poverty by comparing contract and non-contract smallholders. We use an asset-based approach to define vulnerability and apply propensity score matching analysis to assess the impact of contract farming. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010 of 245 oil palm smallholder households, 126 of which were contract smallholders. The study finds that approximately 40 per cent of oil palm smallholders can be classified as stochastic-transient poor. We also show that while contract participation reduces the negative impact of oil palm price shocks, this is not the case for production shocks. The study concludes that despite positive income effects, contract smallholders also remain vulnerable to poverty.