Gender Segregation in Occupations: The Role of Tipping and Social Interactions
研究发现职业性别隔离呈非线性变化，存在临界点：白领职业女性比例达25%-45%、蓝领职业达13%-30%时，男性净就业增长会突然下降，这与男性对女性比例的偏好及社会互动模型一致。
This paper documents that the dynamics of occupational segregation are highly nonlinear and exhibit tipping patterns. Occupations experience discontinuous declines in net male employment growth at tipping points ranging from 25% to 45% (from 13% to 30%) female in white-collar (blue-collar) occupations from 1940 to 1990. These patterns appear consistent with a Schelling (1971) social interaction model where tipping results from male preferences toward the fraction female in their occupation. Supporting the model's predictions, evidence from the General Social Survey indicates that tipping points are lower in regions where males hold more sexist attitudes toward the appropriate role of women.