Multilateral tariff cooperation under fairness and reciprocity
研究了公平和互惠如何影响多边关税合作，发现适度要求的互惠国家比自利国家更能促进合作，但若只认为非常自由的进口政策才公平，互惠反而有害。
Abstract This paper explores the impact of fairness and reciprocity on multilateral tariff cooperation. Reciprocal countries reward kind behaviour (positive reciprocity), but retaliate against countries behaving unkindly (negative reciprocity). We demonstrate that reciprocal countries that are moderately demanding from their trading partners regarding their commercial policy can support a greater degree of cooperation than self‐interested ones. However, when only very liberal import policies are considered fair, then reciprocity could have a detrimental effect on multilateral tariff cooperation.Thus, our model provides a novel perspective on the role of expectations in trade negotiations.