Quality Perceptions and Asymmetric Switching Between Brands
通过旋转无差异曲线引入收入效应，在离散选择模型中衡量品牌质量，发现消费者更可能转向高质量品牌而非低质量品牌，并用于产品线定价决策。
Rotating indifference curves are used to induce an income effect that favors superior brands at the expense of inferior brands in a discrete choice model. When calibrated on scanner panel data, the model yields an objective measure of brand quality which is related to the rate of rotation. The model also leads to asymmetric responses to price promotions where switching up to high quality brands is more likely than switching down. The model is capable of nesting the standard logit model, and is similar to a nested logit model when there exists clusters of brands of like quality. The model is used to explore a product line pricing decision where profits are maximized subject to the constraint that consumer utility is maintained.