Nation-building Through Compulsory Schooling during the Age of Mass Migration
研究了美国在1850-1914年大规模移民时期为何引入义务教育法，发现其作为国家建设工具，旨在向文化多样的移民灌输公民价值观，且该法在接纳来自低公民价值观国家的移民的州更早实施。
Abstract Why did America introduce compulsory schooling laws at a time when financial investments in education and voluntary school attendance were high? We provide qualitative and quantitative evidence that states adopted compulsory schooling laws as a nation-building tool to instil civic values to the culturally diverse migrants during the ‘Age of Mass Migration’ between 1850 and 1914. We show the adoption of compulsory schooling laws occurred significantly earlier in states that hosted European migrants with lower exposure to civic values in their home countries. Using cross-county data, we show that these migrants had significantly lower demand for American schooling pre-compulsion.