Paternal unemployment during childhood: causal effects on youth worklessness and educational attainment
利用德国社会经济面板数据（1984-2012），通过兄弟姐妹固定效应等方法，发现父亲失业对儿子没有因果影响，但会增加女儿的无业状态并提高其教育成就。
Using long-running data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984–2012), we investigate the impact of paternal unemployment on child labour market and education outcomes. We first describe correlation patterns and then use sibling fixed effects and the Gottschalk (1996) method to identify the causal effects of paternal unemployment. We find different patterns for sons and daughters. Paternal unemployment does not seem to causally affect the outcomes of sons. In contrast, it increases both daughters’ worklessness and educational attainment. We test the robustness of the results and explore potential explanations.