Competitiveness and industrial policy: from rationalities of failure towards the ability to evolve
提出一种动态的产业政策逻辑，强调增强社会经济系统的演化能力，即实现高实际收入与质变。它批判了以完美状态为基准的失败理性，并基于结构本体论与演化功能原则，构建了经济政策的通用类型学。
This article elaborates a dynamic rationale of industrial policy, focusing on how to strengthen the socio-economic system’s ability to evolve, i.e. how to achieve high real income together with qualitative change. It highlights that the ubiquitous rationalities of failure, be it of markets, governments or systems, are rooted in a peculiar habit of accepting hypothetical perfect states as normative benchmarks. In contrast, a dynamic logic of intervention should start from the question, what the system aims to accomplish. Combining the structuralist ontology of micro-, meso- and macro with the functional principles of evolutionary change, the paper proposes a general typology of economic policies based on their respective contributions to the system’s ability to evolve.