The Tax Returns of Public Spending on Universities: An Estimate with Monte Carlo Simulations
提出一种基于反事实情景和不确定性的方法，用蒙特卡洛模拟估算西班牙巴斯克大学公共支出的税收回报，发现大学教育公共支出从财政角度看是盈利的投资。
Pastor J. M. and Peraita C. The tax returns of public spending on universities: an estimate with Monte Carlo simulations, Regional Studies. This paper proposes a methodology based on counterfactual scenarios and the existence of uncertainty to estimate the tax returns of public spending of regional governments on their public universities. The introduction of differences in the time spent by the students at university and the proportion of the total public expenditure implies making assumptions about uncertainty. The paper applies Monte Carlo simulations incorporating stochastic elements to estimate the tax returns of public spending in the University of the Basque Country (Spain). The results indicate that public expenditure in university education is a profitable investment from a fiscal perspective.