Explaining the deteriorating entry earnings of Canada's immigrant cohorts, 1966 – 2000
利用1981-2001年加拿大人口普查数据，研究发现语言能力和出生地构成变化解释了约三分之一的移民入境收入下降，而外国劳动力市场经验回报的恶化是主要原因，尤其是来自非传统来源国的男性。
Abstract. Using the 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, and 2001 Canadian Censuses, we explore causes of the deterioration in entry earnings of successive cohorts of immigrant men and women. Roughly one‐third of the deterioration is explained by compositional shifts in language ability and region of birth. We find no evidence of a decline in the returns to foreign education for either immigrant men or immigrant women but a definite deterioration in the returns to foreign labour market experience, most strongly among men from non‐traditional source countries. We can explain roughly two‐thirds of the male and one‐half of the female deterioration without any reference to entry labour market conditions. When we also account for entry conditions, our results suggest Canada's immigrants of the late 1990s would otherwise have enjoyed entry earnings equal to or higher than their counterparts of the 1960s.