Competition Effects of Supermarket Services
以液态奶为例，利用15家超市连锁的扫描数据，研究超市服务（如店面规模、店内服务）如何通过范围经济、降低需求价格弹性来增强市场势力，导致牛奶价格和销量上升。
Abstract This article investigates the competition effects of supermarket services using fluid milk as a case study. A simultaneous equation model for services and price competition is estimated with scanner data from fifteen supermarket chains using two alternative measures of services, namely store size and principal components of in‐store services. Empirical results show that increasing services results in economies of scope, greater supermarket chain‐level demand, lower price elasticity of demand, and enhanced market power, leading to higher milk prices and quantity sold. We conclude that, as result of service competition, supermarkets differentiate themselves from competitors and successfully attract less price‐sensitive consumers.