Value Chains and Technology Transfer to Agriculture in Developing and Emerging Economies
研究了农业食品部门价值链现代化过程中，技术转移和采用在农场层面发生的条件，发现技术转移依赖于技术产生的剩余和链内套牢机会，并讨论了套牢机会如何影响议价能力和剩余分配。
Abstract Value chains in the agrifood sector are undergoing a rapid process of modernization, characterized by the emergence of private standards and different systems of vertical value chain governance. In this article, we investigate the technological implications of these developments at the farm level. We model the conditions under which technology transfer and adoption will occur in a value chain setting and review the corresponding evidence on these issues. We find that technology transfer within a value chain can occur in an environment with imperfect credit and technology markets but depends on the surplus generated by the technology and the holdup opportunities within the value chain. We also discuss how these holdup opportunities affect bargaining power and the division of surplus and how the nature of the technology affects technology transfer and the implications for value chain governance.