Declining U.S. Tobacco Exports to Australia: A Derived Demand Approach to Competitiveness
利用行业时间序列数据，分解美国烟草对澳大利亚出口下降的原因，发现卷烟轻质化趋势和澳大利亚国内烟草含量政策是主因，价格差异无法单独解释竞争力丧失。
Abstract The loss of competitiveness of U.S. tobacco leaf exports to Australia is empirically investigated, using industry‐level time‐series market data. Tobacco‐relative prices, market structure, scale, Australian market distortions, and changing characteristics of cigarettes are accounted for in the investigation. A decomposition analysis reveals that a switch to lighter cigarettes and changes in the Australian domestic tobacco content policy are the major contributors to the decline of U.S. tobacco exports. Tobacco price differences between the U.S. and its competitors, alone, cannot explain the loss of competitiveness of U.S. tobacco in Australian cigarette manufacturing.