Early-Life Health and Adult Circumstance in Developing Countries
综述了发展中国家胎儿期、婴儿期和幼儿期健康对成年后收入、教育等长期结果的影响，并讨论了疾病、饥荒、营养不良、污染和战争等冲击的长期效应。
A growing literature documents the links between long-term outcomes and health in the fetal period, infancy, and early childhood. Much of this literature focuses on rich countries, but researchers are increasingly taking advantage of new sources of data and identification to study the long reach of childhood health in developing countries. Health in early life may be a more significant determinant of adult outcomes in these countries because health insults are more frequent, the capacity to remediate is more limited, and multiple shocks may interact. However, the underlying relationships may also be more difficult to measure, given significant mortality selection. We survey recent evidence on the adult correlates of early-life health and the long-term effects of shocks resulting from disease, famine, malnutrition, pollution, and war.