Do or die: competitive effects and Red Queen dynamics in the product survival race
研究了竞争性质与持续时间对创新成果的相互影响，发现近期竞争经验比过去更能提升产品生存能力，而良好声誉和市场份额能抵御红皇后竞争的负面影响。
This study explores the reciprocal relationship between the nature and duration of competition, and innovation outcomes. We propose that the perpetually driven, reciprocal sequence of competitive action and reaction known as the "Red Queen" in evolutionary biology is a cardinal force behind the success of innovations. We test our hypotheses applying a comprehensive data set of all automobile manufacturers known to compete in the US automobile market at any time between 1946 and 2008. Using data composed of 8203 model–year pairs, 1071 models from 148 different brands, we find that recent competitive experiences of models, rather than those in the distant past, make them more viable competitors. Additionally, superior reputation and market share are found to effectively shield models from the pernicious effects of Red Queen competition.