Visual sampling by drivers in different visibility conditions
通过视觉遮挡实验，测量驾驶员在白天和夜间不同驾驶任务下的视觉采样频率，发现夜间和更高精度要求导致采样间隔更短，为评估道路标线系统提供方法。
It is commonly recognised that a driver samples information from the road environment and integrates this information with expectations based on prior experience, to develop predictions that guide his control actions. However, because in most driving situations the driver is processing information at a rate well below the maximum he can handle, the performance measures associated with some of these models tend to be relatively insensitive to changes in the driving environment. To meet this objection, a procedure for measuring the attentional demand of the road on the driver was proposed by senders et al. In 1966. The method limits the driver's opportunity to sample the road scene ahead by the use of a mechanical visual occluding device. The driver then must establish the visual sampling rate necessary to control the vehicle to the criterion of performance specified by the experimenter. Despite some initial encouraging results, this approach has been little used to compare performance systematically in different driving environments. The experiments reported here used this visual interruption procedure to compare the visual sampling requirements of drivers in day and night conditions under different types of driving task demand. The roads and areas used were closed to traffic. The time between visual samples was shown to depend on the visibility conditions and the driving task required of the drivers. Night trials yielded shorter times between looks than did trials under daylight conditions. Greater emphasis on accuracy in the driving task also led to higher visual sampling rates. Sequential effects in the time between looks were found when the sampling rates were lower, but not under the high sampling rate conditions. The results suggest that the method has potential for assessing the effect of changes in road delineation systems.