Marshall and complexity: a necessary balance between process and order
探讨马歇尔经济学中均衡与演化的关系，认为均衡代表秩序、演化代表过程，二者平衡是理解社会经济复杂性的关键。
According to Alfred Marshall, economics is a complex science, which deals with a very compound matter. The concept of equilibrium is very widely referred to in his writings, not only as a tool to be used in the analytical apparatus, as is usually stressed, but also and more important as an element that characterises the evolutionary framework of his analysis. In the Marshallian investigation of economic and social matters, the term ‘equilibrium’ indicates an indispensable degree of order, whereas ‘evolution’ denotes a vital continuous process that characterises every economic and social body. The particular relation between equilibrium and evolution which characterises Marshall’s approach allows us to better understand the balanced interplay between order and process, two categories that, in Marshall, pervade every aspect of society considered as a highly complex body.