The Medium-Term Impacts of High-Achieving Charter Schools
利用哈莱姆儿童区Promise Academy的随机招生数据，发现六年后入学学生学业成绩提高0.279个标准差，女性青少年怀孕率降低10.1个百分点，男性监禁率降低4.4个百分点。
Using survey data from the Promise Academy in the Harlem Children's Zone, we estimate the effects of high-performing charter schools on human capital, risky behaviors, and health outcomes. Six years after the random admissions lottery, youths offered admission to the Promise Academy middle school score 0.279 (0.073) standard deviations higher on academic achievement outcomes, 0.067 (0.076) standard deviations higher on an index of academic attainment, and 0.313 (0.091) standard deviations higher on a measure of on-time benchmarks. Females are 10.1 percentage points less likely to be pregnant as teenagers, and males are 4.4 percentage points less likely to be incarcerated.