Mapping local productivity advantages in Italy: industrial districts, cities or both?
利用意大利制造业企业的大样本数据，比较城市地区和工业区两种空间集聚区域的生产率优势，发现城市的生产率溢价更大且更稳定，而工业区的优势呈下降趋势。
Using data from a large sample of Italian manufacturing firms we provide novel empirical evidence on the magnitude of local productivity advantages in two types of spatially concentrated regions: urban areas (UAs) and industrial districts (IDs). A larger surplus is estimated for cities compared to industrial clusters, only partially related to the more skilled workforce employed in UAs. Over the last decade, the productivity premium of UAs has remained essentially unchanged, while that of IDs has showed a tendency to decline, suggesting that the former were better able to cope with the major shocks that hit the world economy.