Is Central Government Intervention Bad for Local Outcomes? Mixed Messages from Indonesia
研究了印度尼西亚中央政府在已分权领域直接支出（分散支出）对地方服务结果的影响，发现与地方政府共同管理的支出有正面效果，而通过省级政府单独管理的支出则产生负面影响。
Central government line agencies in Indonesia spend a significant amount of their budgets directly in the regions, much of it on functions that have already been decentralised to local governments. Such deconcentrated spending contravenes both international best practices and Indonesian decentralisation legislation. \nEmpirical evidence on the question of actual impact of such spending in Indonesia is mixed. The share of central deconcentrated spending that is co-administered directly with local governments appears to have beneficial service delivery effects; but the portion organised through provinces – without significant input from \ndistricts – has a negative impact on service outcomes.