Substitution and Complementarity in Endogenous Innovation
指出熊彼特“创造性破坏”概念可能导致过度强调技术替代，而历史案例显示新技术常与旧技术互补、创造租金，这丰富了增长过程的描述，并凸显发明者预期的重要作用。
The influence of Schumpeter's notion of "creative destruction" may have led to an overemphasis on substitution between technologies in recent models of endogenous innovation. Historical examples of technological change suggest that new technologies may just as frequently complement older technologies, creating, rather than destroying, rents. Acknowledgment of the potential for both substitution and complementarity among inventions allows for a much richer characterization of the growth process, creating the possibility of threshold effects and multiple equilibria and bringing to the forefront the important role played by the expectations of inventive entrepreneurs.