Price Discrimination in the Context of Vertical Differentiation: An Application to Canadian Wheat Exports
研究加拿大小麦局在出口中能否利用产品差异进行价格歧视，基于1982-1994年对四个市场的月度价格数据，发现该局因产品差异化拥有市场势力，并在不同市场实施价格歧视，且质量偏好市场存在Alchian-Allen效应。
The ability of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to price discriminate in wheat exports is examined. The conceptual model shows that the CWB's ability to exploit cost differences in pricing depends on the extent of differentiation between Canadian and U.S. wheat. This model is implemented using monthly confidential price data for exports to four markets from 1982 to 1994. The empirical results support the conclusions that (1) the CWB has market power emerging from product differentiation, (2) the CWB price discriminates across export markets, and (3) Alchian—Allen effects are important in pricing in markets valuing quality such as Japan and the United Kingdom.