Intellectual Property Rights and the Welfare Effects of Agricultural R…D
回顾了农业中的知识产权，并构建了一个考虑农业研发制度特征的模型，强调上游投入品供应商与农民之间的纵向市场联系，指出传统方法高估了农业创新的福利收益。
Abstract We review intellectual property rights in agriculture and outline a modeling framework that accounts for relevant institutional features of agricultural R…D. The analysis emphasizes vertical market linkages whereby agricultural innovations adopted by farmers are produced upstream by input suppliers. It is argued that the conventional assumption of competitive pricing cannot hold when new technologies are produced by private firms because such innovations are typically protected by intellectual property rights (such as patents) that confer (limited) monopoly rights to discoverers. The implications of intellectual property rights for the welfare evaluation of agricultural R…D are derived, and it is shown that conventional methods usually overestimate the welfare gains from agricultural innovations.