The Evolution of Gender Gaps in Industrialized Countries
梳理了发达国家女性就业、工时和相对工资的长期趋势，综述了性别趋同的驱动因素及剩余差距的新视角，并基于分解分析发现服务业占比增长能解释至少一半的女性工时变化。
Women in developed economies have made major advancements in labor markets throughout the past century, but remaining gender differences in pay and employment seem remarkably persistent. This article documents long-run trends in female employment, working hours, and relative wages for a wide cross section of developed economies. It reviews existing work on the factors driving gender convergence, and novel perspectives on remaining gender gaps. Finally, the article emphasizes the interplay between gender trends and the evolution of the industry structure. Based on a shift-share decomposition, it shows that the growth in the service share can explain at least half of the overall variation in female hours, both over time and across countries.