From Regulation to Enforcement in the EU Policy Cycle: A New Type of Functional Spillover?
研究了欧盟在政策周期中从监管向执法扩张权力的现象，提出这是一种新型功能性溢出，并讨论了其意义。
Abstract The European Union has acquired enforcement competences in areas where it previously only had regulatory authority. This expansion of competences from one step in the policy cycle to another is a blind spot in the works on functional spillover. While the increasing enforcement powers of the EU are mentioned, it is in the context of more competences, not what type. This paper investigates the nature of this ‘policy cycle type of functional spillover’, argues that this is a new type of functional spillover and discusses the significance of this finding. The paper offers original data concerning the expansion of EU's competences in direct enforcement.