Simulating the Reform of Means‐tested Benefits with Endogenous Take‐up and Claim Costs*
提出一种随机模拟方法，应用于英国养老金领取者收入补助领取行为的probit模型，以评估福利改革中内生领取行为和申领成本对净收入及政策效果的影响。
Abstract Microsimulation models are commonly used to examine the distributional impact of reforms of the means‐tested benefit system. Take‐up behaviour is related to the level of entitlement, so reform may induce changes in take‐up. We develop a stochastic simulation method and apply it to a probit model of ‘income support’ take‐up by the UK pensioners. The method allows us to adjust net income for the welfare losses because of tangible or intangible claim costs. Endogenous take‐up and claim costs both have an important impact on the simulated outcomes of the policy reform.